Avian Encephalomyelitis Viruses (AEV) are a group of viruses that belong to the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae. They primarily affect young chickens and turkeys, causing a contagious viral infection that affects the central nervous system and spinal cord.
AEV infections are usually transmitted through the fecal-oral route, where infected birds shed the virus in their feces, allowing healthy birds to contract the virus by ingesting contaminated feed or water. The virus can also be vertically transmitted from infected hens to their offspring through the egg. Additionally, mechanical transmission by insects and fomites can also occur.
The clinical signs of Avian Encephalomyelitis Viruses include ataxia (lack of coordination), tremors, weakness, and paralysis. Affected birds may exhibit twisted necks and exhibit difficulty in walking. Mortality rates in infected flocks are generally low, but the virus can cause subclinical infections, which can lead to decreased growth rates and reduced egg production.
Diagnosis of AEV is typically achieved through viral isolation and identification techniques such as virus isolation in cell cultures or detection of viral genetic material using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Serological tests like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can also be used to detect the presence of antibodies against AEV in infected birds.
Prevention and control of Avian Encephalomyelitis Viruses involve strict biosecurity practices, disinfection of premises, proper sanitation, and vaccination. Vaccines containing inactivated AEV provide protective immunity and are commonly used to control the disease in commercial poultry flocks. Good management practices, including the elimination of potential sources of infection, are crucial in preventing the spread of AEV among poultry populations
