Avian Influenza Virus, commonly referred to as bird flu, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects birds, including wild birds and domesticated poultry. This virus is classified under the family Orthomyxoviridae and the genus Influenzavirus A.
Avian Influenza Virus is characterized by its ability to infect a variety of avian species, with varying clinical outcomes ranging from mild respiratory illness to severe systemic disease. There are multiple subtypes of the virus, classified based on the surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), which play a crucial role in viral entry and spread.
While the virus primarily affects birds, some subtypes, such as H5N1 and H7N9, have been known to transmit to humans, causing severe illness and even death in some cases. Human infections usually occur through direct contact with infected birds or their feces, but limited human-to-human transmission has been reported in some instances.
Symptoms of avian influenza in birds include respiratory distress, decreased egg production, nervous system disorders, and high mortality rates within infected flocks. In humans, symptoms can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe respiratory distress, organ failure, and death.
Given the potential for severe illness and the significant economic impact on the poultry industry, avian influenza virus is considered a major concern for public health and agriculture. Vaccination campaigns, biosecurity measures, and surveillance programs are essential strategies for controlling and preventing the spread of this virus among birds and potential human outbreaks.
