Vertebral polyarthritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation in multiple joints of the spine. It is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the vertebrae – the bones forming the spinal column – causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. The term "polyarthritis" denotes the involvement of multiple joints, typically more than four.
This condition usually arises due to the breakdown of cartilage, which is a smooth flexible tissue that protects the joints and allows for easy movement. With vertebral polyarthritis, the cartilage in the spinal joints gradually wears away, leading to bone-on-bone friction and consequent inflammation. Long-term wear and tear, aging, genetic factors, infections, autoimmune disorders, or a combination of these factors can contribute to the development of this condition.
Common symptoms of vertebral polyarthritis include chronic back pain, stiffness, muscle weakness, and reduced range of motion in the spine. Additionally, patients may experience morning stiffness that tends to improve with movement, swelling around the affected joints, and tenderness upon touch. In severe cases, the inflammation and joint damage can affect the nerves exiting the spinal cord, leading to radiating pain, numbness, or tingling sensations in other parts of the body.
Diagnosis is typically based on physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment options usually include a combination of pain management techniques, physical therapy, exercise, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, surgical interventions to alleviate symptoms and improve mobility.
In summary, vertebral polyarthritis is a condition characterized by inflammation and joint degeneration affecting multiple vertebrae in the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
